Formative Years
Census of Ireland 1901/1911 website.
Census of Ireland 1901/1911 website.
“When I was very young my mother made me read the Holy Bible as something incontrovertible. Speedily, I found inconsistencies and verses that could be played one against the other. Again and again I importuned her for explanation. Finally in her quandary and anger she told me ‘The Devil can cite Scripture for his purpose.’ After this was flung at me I felt in a sense an Avocatus Diabolicus [devil’s advocate] and asked no more questions letting the thing settle itself (p. 1).”16
- Parker J.H.
| Date | Award |
|---|---|
| 1914 | Medical Scholarship in Physics, Chemistry, Botany, and Zoology Awarded annually to the student with the highest marks in these subjects |
| 1915 | John Mallet Purser Medal Awarded annually to the student with the highest marks in physiology and histology |
| 1915 | Daniel John Cunningham Medal in Anatomy Awarded annually to the student with the highest marks in anatomy |
| 1916 | Professor’s Prize in Anatomy Awarded annually to the student with meritorious anatomy examination performance |
| 1918 | Thomas FitzPatrick Scholarship Awarded annually to the student who obtained the highest aggregate marks on the intermediate and final medical examinations |
“[Dr. Aloysius John Maguire and I] were both medical officers in His Britannic Majesty’s Army at the time the enemy attacked in the spring of 1918. My friend had many wounded to care for, while luckily for me, all of mine had been evacuated. I ran so fast that I escaped capture, but my colleague was made a prisoner of war (p. 287).”
To Rochester
“My cousin Sir Thomas Myles, surgeon, on his return from this country told me that he had spoken to you about me. He advised me to come here as soon as I was released from the army and could get a boat. I have done so. I arrived in this town this morning. I have a letter of introduction from Sir Thomas Myles … Could you spare a little of your valuable time and grant me an interview at whatever time and place as may suit you best (pp. 1-2).”40
“Though he is rather a shy sort of youngster he is full of brains and has had a most brilliant university career in Trinity College, having got 1st place in every subject and got every prize that was open to competition in the Medical School. He gave me the impression of being essentially a School man rather than the markings of a practitioner, as he had a gift for teaching and possesses considerable powers of exposition (p. 1).”17
Wilson LB. Notation on interview of Dr. H.L. Parker, October 30, 1919. MHU-0510. Mayo School of Graduate Medical Education. Resident files. Box 55. Harry Lee Parker folder. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. W. Bruce Fye Center for the History of Medicine. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
“You will be pleased to know, I am sure, of the high standing which your [cousin], Dr. Parker, has gained in the Clinic … When Dr. Parker came he was received most kindly because of his birth and training and our deep-seated affection for [you], but today he stands on his own feet, admired and respected as one of the best of the younger men in the Clinic (p. 1).”45Mayo WJ. Letter to Thomas Myles, April 14, 1921. MHU-0620. William James Mayo Papers. Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland correspondence 1921 to 1923. Box 43. Subgroup 2. Series 1. Subseries 53. Folder 1. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. W. Bruce Fye Center for the History of Medicine. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
| Quarter/date | Rotation |
|---|---|
| November 1, 1919 to end of 1919 | General pathology (Dr Louis Wilson) |
| 1st, 2nd, and 3rd quarters of 1920 | Neurology (Dr Walter Shelden) |
| 4th quarter of 1920 | Medicine (Dr Arch Logan) |
| 1st quarter of 1921 | Medicine (Dr Arch Logan, proctoscopic rotation) |
| 2nd quarter of 1921 to 4th quarter of 1924 | Neurology Appointed first assistant in April 1921 (through end of residency) Transferred major to neurology on July 1, 1921 |
| January 1, 1925 | Named neurology consultant |
“Dr. Parker was a powerful man, both physically and mentally … We frequently referred to him as the ‘wild Irishman.’ Harry was well-read, and gifted in the use of the written word. He was an untiring worker … In the course of a day’s work he was able to consult on more patients than any of us. He loved to teach the fellowship men and had the gift of impressing his listeners with an appropriate anecdote … Harry’s somewhat dramatic presentations had the effect of leaving a lasting impression on his audience (pp. 14-16).”48Moersch FP. Evolution of the Department of Neurology and Psychiatry of the Mayo Clinic 1926-1956. Part II. 1967. MHU 0670. Memoirs and Department Histories Collection. Folder 177. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. W. Bruce Fye Center for the History of Medicine. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
“For 15 years, I had taught postgraduate students at the Mayo Clinic. It was a labor of love since these young men are carefully selected as being of high intelligence and of a previous faultless career. They absorbed information with an unparalleled gusto, and could ask and answer questions in neurology that were controversial topics. They could go further and discuss modernities of which I was ignorant (p. vii).”
“My first year in Denver (~1933), I failed to recognize a case of tabes, probably because the patient was a doctor's wife. Harry Lee did not miss it. Later that year, Harry referred a … woman to me for followup. He and [Mayo Clinic neurosurgeon Alfred Adson] thought she had a spinal cord tumor. Through dumb luck, I happened to read a paper on parasagittal meningioma and was able to recognize the condition in the case Harry referred. She did not survive surgery in Rochester. Harry's report of the outcome ended with the sentence, ‘now we're even (p. 2).’”50Daniels LE. Letter to Joe Brown, December 4, 1967. MHU-9991. Miscellaneous Committees Collection. Box B015 NW. Mulder book, original sources-histories-Doyle, Rucker, Daniels, Rooke folder. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. W. Bruce Fye Center for the History of Medicine. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
- Riley H.A.
- Parker F.
MHU-0675. People Files Collection. Harry Lee Parker folder. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research.
- Parker F.
MHU-0675. People Files Collection. Harry Lee Parker folder. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research.
Back to Ireland
MHU-0002. Board of Governors Records. Subgroup SG02. Annual Reports. Series S02. Medical Specialties. Subseries SS04. Department of Neurology [non-surgical]. 1919–1985 (Sections of Neurology; Department of Neurology). Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. W. Bruce Fye Center for the History of Medicine.
Mayo CH. Remarks Mayo Clinic Staff Dinner in honor of Dr. Harry Lee Parker, Rochester Country Club, July 12, 1934. MHU 0618. Charles Horace Mayo Papers. Box 84. Folder 574. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. W. Bruce Fye Center for the History of Medicine. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
“I have found after some weeks of anxiety that there was a place for me here and I am gradually and rather rapidly for a newcomer building up a nice consultation practice—each day some new member of the profession sends me a case or calls on me and it seems to be irrespective of politics or creed or medical school. I have had the usual failures, a few successful diagnoses, and a very few ‘cures (p. 1).’”65
“Medicine here is much as in the States except a death is not taken so seriously and I think the doctors fight more here with quips and jests and less with bitterness and rancor. I miss greatly my old colleagues and the ideal conditions of work in Rochester. McConnell is a great help. He and I are building up a neuro-surgical train and last month he removed a meningioma from a doctor’s head successfully without paralysis and with much comment (p. 1).”65
“All I have done this year is get attached to a few more hospitals as consultant neurologist, written a few papers, and mainly, do as we all have to do, earn my bread and butter (pp. 2-4).”70
Author unknown. Abstract of Irish Medical Directory and Hospital Year-Book 1945. MHU-0510. Mayo School of Graduate Medical Education. Resident files. Box 55. Harry Lee Parker folder. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. W. Bruce Fye Center for the History of Medicine. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
“It has hurt their feelings very much for me to take patients from them although they have been very kind in calling me in consultation up to date. Had I not blazed a trail in the last five years they would not worry their heads about such a specialty as neurology. This newcomer, I can readily see, has been put in to act as a competitor (p. 1).”68
Author unknown. Abstract of Irish Medical Directory and Hospital Year-Book 1945. MHU-0510. Mayo School of Graduate Medical Education. Resident files. Box 55. Harry Lee Parker folder. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. W. Bruce Fye Center for the History of Medicine. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
- Parker F.
MHU-0675. People Files Collection. Harry Lee Parker folder. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research.
- Parker H.L.
- Parker H.L.
“The dean of Trinity College said to him, ‘you have a number of important publications in neurology; these will count as your thesis. You have done both graduate teaching and investigation; these will count as your graduate work. Neither requires any academic examination or defense. I shall therefore attest that you have fulfilled all requirements for the degree of doctor of medicine (p. 1).’”76
Author unknown. Abstract of Irish Medical Directory and Hospital Year-Book 1945. MHU-0510. Mayo School of Graduate Medical Education. Resident files. Box 55. Harry Lee Parker folder. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. W. Bruce Fye Center for the History of Medicine. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
Author unknown. Abstract of Irish Medical Directory and Hospital Year-Book 1945. MHU-0510. Mayo School of Graduate Medical Education. Resident files. Box 55. Harry Lee Parker folder. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. W. Bruce Fye Center for the History of Medicine. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
Back to Rochester
“Lately I have been analysing some of my reasons for leaving here, and the one thing that stands out, whether it be in War or in Peace, is the complete scientific isolation from which I suffer. Up to date I am the only neurologist of repute in Ireland, and the lack of friendly competition and scientific stimulation leads to gangrene (p. 1).”77
“Harry Lee Parker was the first full-time neurologist in the country … He was an outstanding neurologist, with a reputation to match that of his contemporary surgeon Adams McConnell. He was impatient of the necessity to practise some psychiatry on the side, however. For that and other reasons, he was never really content here, and returned to the United States in 1945 … [to] the Mayo Clinic (p. 123).”12
“Then the War came on, and all personal contact ceased. This was a grievous blow, for I had only just realized as a result of many happy meetings, one on your side [in 1937]81and many on this side of the Atlantic, what a companionship of friends I had left (p. 1).”82
“Harry’s sojourn to Ireland proved to be an unfortunate adventure. Disillusioned, he returned to the Clinic in [1945]. He was a changed man. The great drive was no more (p. 33).”48Moersch FP. Evolution of the Department of Neurology and Psychiatry of the Mayo Clinic 1926-1956. Part II. 1967. MHU 0670. Memoirs and Department Histories Collection. Folder 177. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. W. Bruce Fye Center for the History of Medicine. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
“Dr. Harry [Parker], an exceptional medical neurologist, a huge, red-faced immigrant to the Mayo Clinic from Ireland, taught me the significance of intuition in neurologic diagnosis and the importance of maintaining some semblance of humor in the face of relentless tragedy. He was a big, burly sack of clinical brilliance and kindness to his patients (p. 105).”85
Parker HL. Letter to Karl A. Menninger, February 17, 1950. Menninger Foundation Archives. Corporate Records of the Menninger Foundation. Records of the Menninger Foundation Education Department. Menninger School of Psychiatry. Visiting professors. KMSP (Karl Menninger School of Psychiatry)—Visiting Professors, Ki-Pe. Unit ID 271741. Kansas Historical Society State Archives, Topeka, KS.
| Clinical pearl/memorable statement | Page number |
|---|---|
| “A cut skin heals in six days, a broken bone in six weeks, but a damaged nerve may take six months or more.” | 11 |
| [When checking sensation] “always [work] from the area of diminished sensibility to that area where feeling is normal.” | 16 |
| “The old term, ‘paralysis agitans,’ [instead of Parkinson disease] should never be used. Its inexactitude lies in the fact that such patients are never paralyzed and not always do they shake.” | 23 |
| “Fasciculation plays over both upper extremities and chest muscles like trout jumping in a pool on a sullen day in May.” | 42 |
| “At an early age we learn that the highest point in neurology is testing sensation, and that the Mount Everest of all our laborious climbing comes in syringomyelia. Tabes dorsalis runs a close second.” | 43 |
| “In chronic subdural hematoma there may be no history of injury, in that it has been so slight that the patient has forgotten it.” | 50 |
| “As I passed that famous tavern of Davy Byrnes in Anne Street this morning, I remembered a character here called Soapy Mouth Burke. He had a habit of chewing soap until a liberal froth was engendered. Then he would fall suddenly on the street corner nearest Davy's place of refreshment, convulse in a scientifically accurate fashion and surround himself with a crowd of helpful, sympathetic folk. Coming out of his fit he would gasp, ‘Surgeon MacCarthy told me many a time that if I had one of them fits in the street, I was to be brought directly to Mister Byrnes' public house and made take three glasses of raw brandy!’” | 69 |
| “In the case of adolescents, a long skinny hobbledehoy may pass out at a long church session, from the effects of emotion, an empty stomach and standing for long intervals.” | 85 |
| “The so-called ‘whisky fits’ [alcohol withdrawal seizures] occur while a patient is recovering from an orgy of drink, and not during the actual period of imbibing.” | 87 |
| “I should like to advise you never, never to tell a patient with headaches that you suffer similarly, hoping so to give him the idea that because of personal experiences you have a more than sympathetic viewpoint with regard to his disease.” | 107 |
| “In public bars … [this patient with essential tremor] has to hold his glass with both hands, but he adds that as the evening progresses one only is sufficient.” | 116 |
| “We can not be too rigid in this prognostication [of inherited disorders], for even, at times, the peas fooled Mendel.” | 119 |
| “The inability to chew and the drooping lower jaw are pathognomonic signs of myasthenia gravis.” | 130 |
| [To a student who suggested doing a spinal tap on a patient with symptoms/signs of a cerebellar tumor with papilledema]: “The child would then be dead, dead, dead. And you, my friend, would be the executioner.” | 141 |
| “Length means vulnerability; therefore the long thoracic nerve is more easily injured, as are the sixth intracranial nerve and the sciatic.” | 145 |
| “The medulla oblongata and pons represent a crowded area of vital structures and do not suffer disease gladly.” | 154 |
| [A patient with tabes dorsalis] “walks like a cat on hot sand, lifting his feet too high each time he takes a step.” | 190 |
| [Advice to graduating medical students]: “You must remember one thing first, second and last, and that is to be kind, both to your patients and to your fellow craftsmen, above you, with you, or beneath you.” | 361 |
“In teaching the main function is to interest the young. Knowledge and wisdom will follow later to those who listen. And yet all the time the spirit of humanism, kindliness, charity and love for our less fortunate fellow beings must be inculcated lest a patient becomes simply a mathematical formula to be solved and then thrown aside (p. 1).”101
“As consultant in neurology he exerted a profound scientific and personal influence upon a steady stream of medical and neurologic fellows who learned the intellectual discipline of neurologic diagnosis under his pungent and unforgettable tutelage … He was always an earnest, betimes caustic, but often gentle and considerate critic, whose homely aphorisms and ruthless rejection of sham left nothing doubtful or unclear. In his clinical teaching he painted with broad, sure strokes, abjuring the pretentious and the precious. He was thus a good teacher, with a flair for the essential and a rich sense of proportion. His sympathetic understanding and kindness to patients was a notable example to his students (p. 221).”
“In about 1950, one of the fellows in Medicine, who had been in Rochester only a few months, was assigned to Neurology. His first patient in Neurology was one from Bogota who had been referred from Medicine and spoke no English. She had a skin rash on the right shoulder and sensory and motor problems in the right hand. The fellow had no idea of the nature of the problem but sent her to Dermatology to see Dr. Paul O'Leary. Later he discussed the problem with Dr. Harry Parker, the neurologist, who said it must be leprosy and immediately called Dr. O'Leary, hoping he had not yet been seen in Dermatology. When Dr. O'Leary answered, he replied, ‘Oh, you mean the patient with leprosy?’ Dr. Parker slammed down the telephone, uttered an expletive and was irritated he had not seen the patient beforehand. The fellow was chagrined, embarrassed and felt that he was in ‘the wrong league,’ that he belonged in the minors. He continued, however, and became chair of his sections and a member of the Board of Governors (p. 41).”102
“Dr. Parker had a definite Irish accent and a deep voice, the latter most probably occasioned by his constant cigarette smoking. Before starting to see patients each morning, we all would gather in the staff room and linger for a while, briefly discussing general topics. I can still remember Dr. Parker puffing away on one cigarette after another, extinguishing the numerous butts in an ashtray. He had a love for funny and slightly risqué stories and would laugh heartily as each was told … Sadly, [the other resident on service] suffered from asthma and would often have an attack during our discussions, causing him to become very dyspneic and require the use of an inhaler of epinephrine for relief, which he would step outside the door to utilize (p. 85).”13
Memo to James Eckman, January 6, 1968. Concerning Minnesota Society of Neurology and Psychiatry Meeting May 31, 1952. MHU-0675. People Files Collection. Harry Lee Parker folder. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. W. Bruce Fye Center for the History of Medicine. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
Final Years
MHU-0002. Board of Governors Records. Subgroup SG02. Annual Reports. Series S02. Medical Specialties. Subseries SS04. Department of Neurology [non-surgical]. 1919–1985 (Sections of Neurology; Department of Neurology). Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. W. Bruce Fye Center for the History of Medicine.
Parker HL. Letter to B.E. Boothe, December 29, 1954. Menninger Foundation Archives. Corporate Records of the Menninger Foundation. Records of the Menninger Foundation Education Department. Menninger School of Psychiatry. Visiting professors. KMSP (Karl Menninger School of Psychiatry)—Visiting Professors, Ki-Pe. Unit ID 271741. Kansas Historical Society State Archives, Topeka, KS.
Parker HL. Letter to B.E. Boothe, June 8, 1950. Menninger Foundation Archives. Corporate Records of the Menninger Foundation. Records of the Menninger Foundation Education Department. Menninger School of Psychiatry. Visiting professors. KMSP (Karl Menninger School of Psychiatry)—Visiting Professors, Ki-Pe. Unit ID 271741. Kansas Historical Society State Archives, Topeka, KS.
Parker HL. Letter to B.E. Boothe, September 5, 1950. Menninger Foundation Archives. Corporate Records of the Menninger Foundation. Records of the Menninger Foundation Education Department. Menninger School of Psychiatry. Visiting professors. KMSP (Karl Menninger School of Psychiatry)—Visiting Professors, Ki-Pe. Unit ID 271741. Kansas Historical Society State Archives, Topeka, KS.
Parker HL. Letter to B.E. Boothe, September 5, 1950. Menninger Foundation Archives. Corporate Records of the Menninger Foundation. Records of the Menninger Foundation Education Department. Menninger School of Psychiatry. Visiting professors. KMSP (Karl Menninger School of Psychiatry)—Visiting Professors, Ki-Pe. Unit ID 271741. Kansas Historical Society State Archives, Topeka, KS.
Parker HL. Letter to B.E. Boothe, September 22, 1952. Menninger Foundation Archives. Corporate Records of the Menninger Foundation. Records of the Menninger Foundation Education Department. Menninger School of Psychiatry. Visiting professors. KMSP (Karl Menninger School of Psychiatry)—Visiting Professors, Ki-Pe. Unit ID 271741. Kansas Historical Society State Archives, Topeka, KS.
Parker HL. Letter to B.E. Boothe, June 8, 1950. Menninger Foundation Archives. Corporate Records of the Menninger Foundation. Records of the Menninger Foundation Education Department. Menninger School of Psychiatry. Visiting professors. KMSP (Karl Menninger School of Psychiatry)—Visiting Professors, Ki-Pe. Unit ID 271741. Kansas Historical Society State Archives, Topeka, KS.
“The only misgiving that arises on such a selection is that the standard becomes a stiff one. We may have trouble awarding such hammers in the future (p. 1).”113
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
- Harry Lee Parker and paroxysmal dysarthria and ataxia.Neurology. 2013; 80: 311-314
- Clinical Studies in Neurology.Charles C. Thomas, Springfield, IL1956
- Jacksonian convulsions: an historical note.J Lancet. 1929; 49: 107-111
- Charles Horace Mayo: an appreciation.Ir J Med Sci. 1939; 14: 614-617
- Personality and achievement.Ir J Med Sci. 1944; 19: 596-606
- Harry Lee Parker 1894–1959.Trans Am Neurol Assoc. 1959; 84: 219-221
- Harry Lee Parker MD: 1894–1959.AMA Arch Neurol. 1959; 1: 700
- Trigeminal neuralgia and multiple sclerosis: a historical perspective.Can J Neurol Sci. 2017; 44: 589-593
- Reciprocal development and progressive responsibility: the history of the Mayo Clinic Neurology residency.Mayo Clin Proc Innov Qual Outcomes. 2020; 4: 478-498
- Neurology at Mayo: The Formative Years. Available at Mayo Clinic Libraries.1988 (Rochester, MN)
- A Historical Biographical and Anecdotal Account of the Neurological Sciences in Ireland from the earliest days to 1975.EA Martin, Dublin, Ireland2012
- The House of Industry Hospitals, 1772-1987: The Richmond, Whitworth, and Hardwicke (St Laurence’s Hospital): A Closing Memoir.Anniversary Press, Monkstown, Co. Dublin, Ireland1988
- Recollections of a Mayo Clinic Fellowship at Midtwentieth Century. 1948–1952. Indianapolis.IBJ Publishing, 2010
Parker HL. The glory of the Dublin School of Medicine. Undated. MHU-0675. People Files Collection. Harry Lee Parker folder. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. W. Bruce Fye Center for the History of Medicine. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
- Census of Ireland 1901/1911 website.http://www.census.nationalarchives.ie/Date accessed: January 3, 2021
Parker HL. An argument. Undated. MHU-0653. Harry Lee Parker Papers. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. W. Bruce Fye Center for the History of Medicine. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
Myles T. Letter to William J. Mayo, September 18, 1919. MHU-0510. Mayo School of Graduate Medical Education. Resident files. Box 55. Harry Lee Parker folder. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. W. Bruce Fye Center for the History of Medicine. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
Author unknown. Dr. Harry Lee Parker obituary. MHU-0675. People Files Collection. Harry Lee Parker folder. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. W. Bruce Fye Center for the History of Medicine. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
- Author unknown. Dr. H.L. Parker, 65, Mayo Clinic neurologist, dies. Rochester Post-Bulletin. March 2. 1959: 10
- MHU-0653. Harry Lee Parker Papers. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. W. Bruce Fye Center for the History of Medicine.Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MNJuly 2020
- Family tree. Ancestry.com.https://www.ancestry.com/family-tree/person/tree/113798460/person/280123420977//factsDate accessed: January 3, 2021
Parker HL. The University of Minnesota Graduate School application. MHU-0510. Mayo School of Graduate Medical Education. Resident files. Box 55. Harry Lee Parker folder. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. W. Bruce Fye Center for the History of Medicine. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
Trinity College Dublin Main Admissions Register. TCD/MUN/V/23/8 folio 21v and 22r. Trinity College Dublin Manuscripts & Archives Research Library. Dublin, Ireland.
- The Dublin University Calendar for the Year 1914–1915. Volume II. University Press, Dublin, Ireland1915
Trinity College Dublin Admissions Register to the School of Medicine. TCD MUN/MED/4A/1, p. 203. Trinity College Dublin Manuscripts & Archives Research Library. Dublin, Ireland.
- Medicine in Trinity College Dublin: An Illustrated History.Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland2014
- The Royal Army Medical Corps in the Great War: Rare Photographs from the Wartime Archives. Barnsley.Pen & Sword Military, South Yorkshire2017
- Sinn Fein Rebellion Handbook, Easter, 1916: A Complete and Connected Narrative of the Rising, with Detailed Accounts of the Fighting at all Points.Irish Times, Dublin1917
- Sinn Fein Rebellion, 1916. A Souvenir of Presentations to the Officers' Training Corps, Trinity College Dublin.Waller & Co., Dublin, Ireland1916
Author unknown. List of Members of the Dublin University Officers Training Corps To Whom Replicas Are To Be Given. TCD MS 2783, folios 28 and 87. Trinity College Dublin Manuscripts & Archives Research Library. Dublin, Ireland.
- The Dublin University Calendar for the Year 1921–22.University Press, Dublin, Ireland1921
- The Irish Medical Profession and the First World War.Palgrave Macmillan, Cham, Switzerland2019
- White feather diaries website.http://whitefeatherdiaries.org.uk/about-siteDate accessed: January 3, 2021
British Army medal index cards 1914–1920. The National Archives' catalogue. WO 372/15 - Nolan P - Pickering SM/114650. Parker, Harry Lee. The National Archives. Kew, Richmond.
- Imperial continuities: Irish doctors and the British armed forces, 1922–45.in: Durnin D. Miller I. Medicine, Health and Irish Experiences of Conflict 1914–45. Manchester University Press, Manchester, England2017: 191-205
- Ireland’s British Army doctors and the treatment of Irish nationalists, 1916–23.in: Durnin D. Miller I. Medicine, Health and Irish Experiences of Conflict 1914-45. Manchester University Press, Manchester, England2017: 94-108
- Sir Thomas Myles 1857–1937.Ann Surg. 1939; 110: 790-791
St Marys Hospital physician register. SMA-0100. Saint Marys Hospital Administration Records. SG02. Vol 4. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. W. Bruce Fye Center for the History of Medicine. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
- Allied surgeons tour America.J Am Med Assoc. 1918; 71: 1593
Parker HL. Letter to William J. Mayo, October 1, 1919. MHU-0510. Mayo School of Graduate Medical Education. Resident files. Box 55. Harry Lee Parker folder. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. W. Bruce Fye Center for the History of Medicine. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
- New York, U.S., Arriving Passenger and Crew Lists (including Castle Garden and Ellis Island), 1820-1957 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc..
Wilson LB. Notation on interview of Dr. H.L. Parker, October 30, 1919. MHU-0510. Mayo School of Graduate Medical Education. Resident files. Box 55. Harry Lee Parker folder. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. W. Bruce Fye Center for the History of Medicine. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
MHU-0142. Department of Facilities and Support Services. Records. Subgroup SG09: Quarterly Directory. 1919-current (Quarterly Bulletin). Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. W. Bruce Fye Center for the History of Medicine. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
MHU-0510. Mayo School of Graduate Medical Education. Resident files. Box 55. Harry Lee Parker folder. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. W. Bruce Fye Center for the History of Medicine. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
Mayo WJ. Letter to Thomas Myles, April 14, 1921. MHU-0620. William James Mayo Papers. Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland correspondence 1921 to 1923. Box 43. Subgroup 2. Series 1. Subseries 53. Folder 1. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. W. Bruce Fye Center for the History of Medicine. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
Mayo CH. Letter to Thomas Myles, April 9, 1925. MHU-0618. Charles Horace Mayo Papers. Box 49. Subgroup 3. Series 1. Subseries 1. Folder 10. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. W. Bruce Fye Center for the History of Medicine. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
Mayo WJ. Letter to Thomas Myles, January 7, 1927. MHU-0620. William James Mayo Papers. Box 103. Subgroup 2. Series 6. Subseries 1. Folder 21. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. W. Bruce Fye Center for the History of Medicine. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
Moersch FP. Evolution of the Department of Neurology and Psychiatry of the Mayo Clinic 1926-1956. Part II. 1967. MHU 0670. Memoirs and Department Histories Collection. Folder 177. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. W. Bruce Fye Center for the History of Medicine. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
Wilson LB. Comments on staff and fellows, March 8–13, 1933. MHU 0602. Helen Clapesattle Papers. Box 10. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. W. Bruce Fye Center for the History of Medicine. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
Daniels LE. Letter to Joe Brown, December 4, 1967. MHU-9991. Miscellaneous Committees Collection. Box B015 NW. Mulder book, original sources-histories-Doyle, Rucker, Daniels, Rooke folder. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. W. Bruce Fye Center for the History of Medicine. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
- Tumors involving the fourth ventricle of the brain: a study of their clinical and pathologic characters.Collect Papers Mayo Clinic Mayo Found. 1923; 15: 1078-1082
- Tumors Involving the Fourth Ventricle of the Brain: A Study of their Clinical and Pathologic Characters [master's thesis].Mayo Foundation and University of Minnesota, Rochester, MN, and Minneapolis, MN1923
- Disturbances of the respiratory rhythm in children: a sequela to epidemic encephalitis.Archives Neurol Psychiatry. 1922; 8: 630-638
- Trigeminal neuralgic pain associated with multiple sclerosis.Brain. 1928; 51: 46-62
- Parenchymatous cortical cerebellar atrophy (chronic atrophy of Purkinje's cells).Brain. 1933; 56: 191-212
- Traumatic encephalopathy ('punch drunk') of professional pugilists.J Neurol Psychopathol. 1934; 15: 20-28
- The nutritional and metabolic diseases of the cerebellum. Clinical and pathlogical aspects.in: Fields W.S. Willis Jr., W.D. The Cerebellum in Health and Disease. Warren H. Green, Inc, St Louis, MO1970: 412-449
- Minutes of the first executive session of the fifty-seventh annual meeting of the American Neurological Association, May 27, 1931. American Neurological Association Archives website.https://archives.historyfactory.com/clients/ana/#c%3D193124Date accessed: January 3, 2021
- Neurology.Arnold, London, England1940
- MHU-0675. People Files Collection. Harry Lee Parker folder. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research.W. Bruce Fye Center for the History of Medicine. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN1963
St Marys Hospital physician register. SMA-0100. Saint Marys Hospital Administration Records. SG02. Vol 6. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. W. Bruce Fye Center for the History of Medicine. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
- MHU-0002. Board of Governors Records. Subgroup SG02. Annual Reports. Series S02. Medical Specialties. Subseries SS04. Department of Neurology [non-surgical]. 1919–1985 (Sections of Neurology; Department of Neurology). Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. W. Bruce Fye Center for the History of Medicine.Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN1937
- Caring For the Heart: Mayo Clinic and the Rise of Specialization.Oxford University Press, Oxford, England2015
- The Sisters' Story, Part Two: Saint Marys Hospital — Mayo Clinic, 1939 to 1980.The Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN2007
Parker HL. Letter to Charles H. Mayo, February 26, 1935. MHU-0618. Charles Horace Mayo Papers. Box 32. Subgroup 2. Series 2. Folder 114. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. W. Bruce Fye Center for the History of Medicine. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
Mayo CH. Remarks Mayo Clinic Staff Dinner in honor of Dr. Harry Lee Parker, Rochester Country Club, July 12, 1934. MHU 0618. Charles Horace Mayo Papers. Box 84. Folder 574. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. W. Bruce Fye Center for the History of Medicine. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
- Ancestry.com. Ireland, City and Regional Directories, 1836-1947 [database on-line]. Ancestry.com Operations, Inc.,
Lehi, UT, USA2017https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/61314/?name=Harry+Lee_Parker&residence=1936_dublin-dublin-ireland_91953Date accessed: January 3, 2021
Parker HL. Letter to Donald C. Balfour, January 23, 1940. MHU-0510. Mayo School of Graduate Medical Education. Resident files. Box 55. Harry Lee Parker folder. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. W. Bruce Fye Center for the History of Medicine. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
Parker HL. Letter to Henry Woltman, June 4, 1936. MHU-0620. William James Mayo Papers. Box 104. Subgroup 2. Series 6. Subseries 1. Folder 35. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. W. Bruce Fye Center for the History of Medicine. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
Parker HL. Letter to William J. Mayo, December 15, 1936. MHU-0620. William James Mayo Papers. Box 104. Subgroup 2. Series 6. Subseries 1. Folder 36. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. W. Bruce Fye Center for the History of Medicine. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
Author unknown. Abstract of Irish Medical Directory and Hospital Year-Book 1945. MHU-0510. Mayo School of Graduate Medical Education. Resident files. Box 55. Harry Lee Parker folder. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. W. Bruce Fye Center for the History of Medicine. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
Parker HL. Letter to Karl A. Menninger, December 12, 1940. Menninger Foundation Archives. Papers of the Menninger Family. Papers of Karl Augustus Menninger. Professional papers. Pa-Pi. Unit ID 248658. Kansas Historical Society State Archives, Topeka, KS.
- Letter to the Medical Board, September 6, 1941. Defence Forces Ireland. Military Service Pension Collection. Charles F. Dalton file, p. 110.http://mspcsearch.militaryarchives.ie/docs/files//PDF_Pensions/R1/24SP1153CHARLESFDALTON/WDP4CHARLESFDALTON.pdfDate accessed: January 25, 2021
- A deformity of the hind-brain associated with internal hydrocephalus; its relation to the Arnold-Chiari malformation.Brain. 1938; 61: 415-429
- Adams Andrew McConnell (1884–1972): Pioneer of Irish neurosurgery.Br J Neurosurg. 2015; 29: 4-8
Parker F. Letter to James Eckman, July 3, 1963. MHU-0675. People Files Collection. Harry Lee Parker folder. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. W. Bruce Fye Center for the History of Medicine. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
Parker HL. Letter to Donald C. Balfour, May 12, 1945. MHU-0510. Mayo School of Graduate Medical Education. Resident files. Box 55. Harry Lee Parker folder. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. W. Bruce Fye Center for the History of Medicine. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
Farrell M. Notes on Harry Lee Parker. June 2020. MHU-0675. People Files Collection. Harry Lee Parker folder. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. W. Bruce Fye Center for the History of Medicine. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
- Food, the Emergency and the lower-class Irish body, c. 1939–45.in: Durnin D. Miller I. Medicine, Health and Irish Experiences of Conflict 1914–45. Manchester University Press, Manchester, England2017: 191-205
- Physician tells how Ireland weathered war. Smuggling rampant as shortages grew, Dr. Parker says.Rochester Post-Bulletin. 1945; 31: 5
- Diseases of the nervous system in Ireland: some observations and comparisons.Proc Staff Meet Mayo Clin. 1937; 12: 492-493
Parker HL. Letter to Mayo Clinic Board of Governors, May 12, 1945. MHU-0510. Mayo School of Graduate Medical Education. Resident files. Box 55. Harry Lee Parker folder. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. W. Bruce Fye Center for the History of Medicine. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
Parker HL. Telegram to Henry Woltman, July 23, 1945. MHU-0510. Mayo School of Graduate Medical Education. Resident files. Box 55. Harry Lee Parker folder. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. W. Bruce Fye Center for the History of Medicine. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology certification of Dr. Harry Lee Parker. No. 2433. MHU-0653. Harry Lee Parker Papers. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. W. Bruce Fye Center for the History of Medicine. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
- The Vital Probe: My Life as a Brain Surgeon.W.W. Norton & Co, New York, NY1981
Parker HL. Letter to Karl A. Menninger, February 17, 1950. Menninger Foundation Archives. Corporate Records of the Menninger Foundation. Records of the Menninger Foundation Education Department. Menninger School of Psychiatry. Visiting professors. KMSP (Karl Menninger School of Psychiatry)—Visiting Professors, Ki-Pe. Unit ID 271741. Kansas Historical Society State Archives, Topeka, KS.
Parker HL. Publications. MHU-0675. People Files Collection. Harry Lee Parker folder. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. W. Bruce Fye Center for the History of Medicine. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
- Periodic ataxia.Collect Papers Mayo Clin Mayo Found. 1946; 38: 642-645
- The central nervous system in periarteritis nodosa.Proc Staff Meet Mayo Clin. 1949; 24: 43-48
- Book review of Clinical Studies in Neurology by Harry Lee Parker.Neurology. 1956; 6: 679-680
Parker HL. Letter to Luman E. Daniels, July 30, 1956. MHU-0653. Harry Lee Parker Papers. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. W. Bruce Fye Center for the History of Medicine. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
Parker F. Letter to James Eckman, December 31, 1967. MHU-0675. People Files Collection. Harry Lee Parker folder. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. W. Bruce Fye Center for the History of Medicine. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
Parker HL. Letter to Karl A. Menninger, May 25, 1956. Menninger Foundation Archives. Papers of the Menninger Family. Papers of Karl Augustus Menninger. Professional papers. Pa-Pi. Unit ID 248658. Kansas Historical Society State Archives, Topeka, KS.
- History of neurologic examination books.Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent). 2015; 28: 172-179
- Author unknown. Book review of Clinical Studies in Neurology by Harry Lee Parker.J Am Med Assoc. 1956; 161: 564
- Book review of Clinical Studies in Neurology by Harry Lee Parker.Br Med J. 1956; 2: 518
- Author unknown. Book review of Clinical Studies in Neurology by Harry Lee Parker.South Med J. 1957; 50: 283
- Author unknown. Book review of Clinical Studies in Neurology by Harry Lee Parker.J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1956; 19: 316
- Book review of Clinical Studies in Neurology by Harry Lee Parker.Northwest Med. 1956; 55: 820
- Book review of Clinical Studies in Neurology by Harry Lee Parker.Brain. 1957; 80: 136-137
Parker HL. Letter to Donald C. Balfour, March 18, 1956. MHU-0607. Donald Church Balfour, Sr. Papers. Box 7. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. W. Bruce Fye Center for the History of Medicine. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
Andersen HA. Mayo Alumni Association 1915–1992: An Abridged Version with Anecdotes. MHU 0676. Subject files collection. Folder 166. Mayo Alumni Association Histories. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. W. Bruce Fye Center for the History of Medicine. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
Baptism records of Harry Lee Parker and Florence Parker. May 7, 1949. St John's Catholic Church, Rochester, MN.
Memo to James Eckman, January 6, 1968. Concerning Minnesota Society of Neurology and Psychiatry Meeting May 31, 1952. MHU-0675. People Files Collection. Harry Lee Parker folder. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. W. Bruce Fye Center for the History of Medicine. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
Parker HL. Carte du jour Hotel Carroll-Dodgson. MHU-0675. People Files Collection. Harry Lee Parker folder. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. W. Bruce Fye Center for the History of Medicine. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
- MHU-0002. Board of Governors Records. Subgroup SG02. Annual Reports. Series S02. Medical Specialties. Subseries SS04. Department of Neurology [non-surgical]. 1919–1985 (Sections of Neurology; Department of Neurology). Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. W. Bruce Fye Center for the History of Medicine.Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN1948
Parker HL. Letter to B.E. Boothe, December 29, 1954. Menninger Foundation Archives. Corporate Records of the Menninger Foundation. Records of the Menninger Foundation Education Department. Menninger School of Psychiatry. Visiting professors. KMSP (Karl Menninger School of Psychiatry)—Visiting Professors, Ki-Pe. Unit ID 271741. Kansas Historical Society State Archives, Topeka, KS.
Parker HL. Letter to B.E. Boothe, June 8, 1950. Menninger Foundation Archives. Corporate Records of the Menninger Foundation. Records of the Menninger Foundation Education Department. Menninger School of Psychiatry. Visiting professors. KMSP (Karl Menninger School of Psychiatry)—Visiting Professors, Ki-Pe. Unit ID 271741. Kansas Historical Society State Archives, Topeka, KS.
Parker HL. Letter to B.E. Boothe, September 5, 1950. Menninger Foundation Archives. Corporate Records of the Menninger Foundation. Records of the Menninger Foundation Education Department. Menninger School of Psychiatry. Visiting professors. KMSP (Karl Menninger School of Psychiatry)—Visiting Professors, Ki-Pe. Unit ID 271741. Kansas Historical Society State Archives, Topeka, KS.
Parker HL. Letter to B.E. Boothe, September 22, 1952. Menninger Foundation Archives. Corporate Records of the Menninger Foundation. Records of the Menninger Foundation Education Department. Menninger School of Psychiatry. Visiting professors. KMSP (Karl Menninger School of Psychiatry)—Visiting Professors, Ki-Pe. Unit ID 271741. Kansas Historical Society State Archives, Topeka, KS.
Parker F. Letter to James Drummond, April 6, 1959. MHU-0675. People Files Collection. Harry Lee Parker folder. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. W. Bruce Fye Center for the History of Medicine. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
Harry Lee Parker Certificate of Death. March 1, 1959. Vital records. History Center of Olmsted County.
Rooke ED. Harry Lee Parker-a presentation on retirement. March 3, 1959. MHU-0607. Donald Church Balfour, Sr. Papers. Box 7. Subgroup 2. Series 1. Folder 51. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. W. Bruce Fye Center for the History of Medicine. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
Article info
Publication history
Footnotes
Potential Competing Interests: The authors report no potential competing interests.
Identification
Copyright
User license
Creative Commons Attribution – NonCommercial – NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) |
Permitted
For non-commercial purposes:
- Read, print & download
- Redistribute or republish the final article
- Text & data mine
- Translate the article (private use only, not for distribution)
- Reuse portions or extracts from the article in other works
Not Permitted
- Sell or re-use for commercial purposes
- Distribute translations or adaptations of the article
Elsevier's open access license policy
00075-8&id=gr1.jpg){kind=link}
00075-8&id=gr2.jpg){kind=link}
00075-8&id=gr3.jpg){kind=link}
00075-8&id=gr4.jpg){kind=link}
00075-8&id=gr5.jpg){kind=link}
00075-8&id=gr6.jpg){kind=link}
00075-8&id=gr7.jpg){kind=link}
00075-8&id=gr8.jpg){kind=link}
00075-8&id=gr9.jpg){kind=link}
00075-8&id=gr10.jpg){kind=link}
00075-8&id=gr11.jpg){kind=link}
00075-8&id=gr12.jpg){kind=link}
00075-8&id=gr13.jpg){kind=link}